The first confirmed West Nile virus case of 2026 has been reported in a Harris County resident, Texas, reminding that the risk of mosquito-borne illness rises as temperatures climb. Since 2021, Texas has reported nearly 1,000 West Nile virus cases and over 100 related deaths, according to the Texas Department of State Health Services.
Austin Public Health has not reported any West Nile virus cases this year in Travis County; however, in 2025, 41 mosquito pools tested positive, and five preliminary human cases were reported. Health officials emphasize that the best protection is preventing mosquito bites before they occur.
West Nile virus is transmitted through the bite of an infected mosquito, usually from the Culex species. Most people infected do not feel sick, but about 1 in 5 may develop symptoms such as fever, headache, body aches, joint pain, vomiting, diarrhea, or rash. Severe illness affecting the nervous system can occur in less than 1% of cases, with symptoms like high fever, severe headache, neck stiffness, disorientation, tremors, seizures, paralysis, or coma. There are no vaccines or medicines for West Nile virus.
The CDC recommends avoiding mosquito bites to prevent West Nile virus and Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE). Health officials suggest using insect repellent, wearing loose, long-sleeved shirts and pants, using air conditioning and window screens, and eliminating water containers near residences to reduce mosquito breeding grounds.