Texas Maternal Death Rate Doubles During Pandemic

The rate of Texas maternal deaths more than doubled between 2019 and 2021, according to provisional data from the Texas Department of State Health Services. The maternal mortality ratio jumped from 17.2 deaths per 100,000 live births in 2019 to 37.7 in 2021. When adjusted for COVID-19 deaths, the rates were 24.2 in 2020 and 23.0 in 2021, still higher than previous years.

"I think these sorts of reviews allow us to take a step back and look at the vulnerabilities in our existing system and what needs to be enhanced for future public health emergencies," said Dr. Carey Eppes, a maternal-fetal medicine specialist, adding that improvements will "lead to a reduced impact to maternal outcomes in our state."

The Impact of COVID-19

COVID-19 significantly influenced the increase in maternal deaths and pregnancy-related complications, according to Dr. Kimberly DeStefano, a maternal-fetal medicine specialist. The delta variant caused clotting problems and placenta dysfunction, leading to pulmonary embolisms, deep vein thrombosis, and preeclampsia. The pandemic also stretched hospitals thin, impacting mortality rates and care.

Underlying Factors

Maternal mortality rates are also impacted by the increasing age of pregnant individuals and the prevalence of chronic conditions like diabetes and high blood pressure. Additionally, nearly 50% of Texas counties are considered maternity care deserts, with limited access to obstetricians and other maternity care providers.

Warning Signs and Prevention

Maternal deaths are often caused by pregnancy and labor complications, including hemorrhage, blood clots, infection, and cardiac events. Other causes include drug overdose, suicide, and homicide. Warning signs during pregnancy include bleeding, decreased fetal movement, increased blood pressure, and severe headaches. Postpartum warning signs include continued heavy bleeding, chest pain, and difficulty breathing.

Texas has expanded Medicaid coverage, providing new moms with Medicaid for the first year instead of just two months post-delivery. This change will improve access to care and screening for postpartum depression, hopefully reducing mortality rates.

Warning signs during pregnancy and after birth should never be ignored. Seek immediate medical attention.