Monarch Butterfly Migration Underway Amidst Population Declines

The iconic monarch butterfly, known for its 2,200-mile migration between Canada and Mexico, is currently traversing through Texas. As the state's official insect, the monarch's peak migration period is approaching.

Peak Migration in Texas

Monarchs are moving towards central and southern Texas, primarily along the I-35 Corridor. Early to mid-October, especially warm and sunny days, is the optimal time to witness their journey.

Real-Time Migration Map

• Monarch Butterfly Migration Map 2024

Overwintering Sites

Monarchs spend winters in the oyamel fir forests of Mexico's Sierra Madre Mountains and summers in northern U.S. and Canada.

Population Decline

The monarch population has been decreasing since the 1990s. This year, Mexico's National Commission of Protected Natural Areas reported one of the lowest recorded populations, with overwintering area reduced to 0.9 hectares (2.22 acres) from 2.21 hectares (5.46 acres) last year.

The western population in California also saw a 30% decline this year, with 233,394 butterflies counted across 256 sites, according to the Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation.

Experts attribute the decline to habitat loss, reduced milkweed, pesticide and herbicide use, and climate change.

Attracting Monarch Butterflies

1. Plant milkweed: Monarchs require milkweed (Asclepias spp.) to lay eggs and for caterpillar survival.
2. Add nectar plants: Include flowers like asters, coneflowers, zinnias, lantana, and black-eyed Susans.
3. Create sunny spots: Monarchs prefer sunny areas to warm up.
4. Provide water: Offer shallow water dishes or damp soil.
5. Avoid pesticides: Use natural pest control methods instead.
6. Create shelter: Provide shrubs or trees for protection.